Інерціальні навігаційні системи як резервне обладнання для GNSS

Abstract

This research provides a technical evaluation of Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) as the primary resilient backup to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in contemporary aviation. While satellite systems offer high precision, their extreme vulnerability to low-power Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) poses a significant threat to flight safety in the era of "Navigational Warfare" (NAVWAR). The paper analyzes the transition from legacy gimbaled platforms to modern Strapdown Inertial Navigation Systems (SINS), which utilize advanced digital processing to create virtual stabilization frames. A significant focus is placed on the integration of quantum sensor technologies, specifically Ring Laser Gyros (RLG) based on the Sagnac effect and high-sensitivity Fiber-Optic Gyros (FOG), analyzing their role in mitigating measurement "drift" over extended flight durations. The study delves into the mathematical foundations of GNSS/INS integration via adaptive Kalman Filtering. This algorithm enables the continuous calibration of inertial sensor errors by blending high-frequency INS outputs (up to 200 Hz) with periodic high-precision GNSS coordinates (1-10 Hz). A central focus is placed on the role of the INS as an autonomous "truth detector" and integrity verification tool; because it does not rely on external signals, the INS can objectively detect satellite data discrepancies during sophisticated spoofing or jamming attacks. In the event of total GNSS signal loss, the system ensures a seamless transition to "Dead Reckoning" mode, maintaining the aircraft's trajectory based on the last verified state vector.Furthermore, the author evaluates the impact of ICAO Annex 10 standards on multilayered redundancy and explores the emergence of MEMS technologies and Terrain Referenced Navigation as means to ensure absolute navigational sovereignty. The article concludes that highprecision INS remains an indispensable component of resilient navigation, providing the absolute autonomy and reliability required to safeguard civil and military aviation in contested electromagnetic environments.