Оцінювання відкритих даних та інструментів для моделювання пропускної здатності повітряного простору БПЛА

Abstract

This research addresses the fundamental challenges of integrating high-density transport Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations into the complex urban airspaces of modern metropolitan areas. Within the conceptual frameworks of the European U-Space and the American Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM), the study provides an exhaustive evaluation of the availability, structural integrity, and granularity of open - source geospatial datasets. By utilizing Kyiv and Kropyvnytskyi as representative testbeds, the authors demonstrate that OpenStreetMap (OSM) contributors' data, Microsoft Building Footprints, and Copernicus Digital Elevation Models (DEM) possess sufficient detail for the extrusion of highfidelity 3D urban environments. These digital twins are essential for defining multi-layered flight corridors, establishing dynamic No-Fly Zones (NFZ), and calculating precision terrain topography to ensure obstacle clearance. The article further substantiates a sophisticated software toolchain integration necessary for robust simulation. ArcGIS is analyzed as the primary geospatial engine for spatial analysis and 3D modeling, while MATLAB/Simulink is proposed as the central computational framework. The research details the functional roles of specialized MATLAB Toolboxes – including the UAV, Aerospace, and Robotics System Toolboxes – in modeling multi-agent fleet dynamics, trajectory optimization, and autonomous coordination. A significant portion of the paper is dedicated to the formalization of a structured, fourstage experimental methodology. This methodology encompasses the transformation of unstructured geo-data into 3D navigation layers, the definition of altitude-stratified corridors (ranging from 40 to 100 meters), and the execution of large - scale traffic simulations involving fleets of up to 200 UAV units. The authors introduce a quantitative assessment framework based on critical throughput metrics: conflict frequency, average mission duration, and corridor saturation levels. The study concludes that the synergy between open-source geospatial data and high-end engineering simulation tools provides a scalable and mathematically sound foundation for modeling airspace capacity. This approach is vital for the strategic planning of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) infrastructures, facilitating the safe and efficient integration of autonomous aerial logistics into the national transport ecosystem.